# GLOSSARY

DESC:
A single data collecting pass.  A scan may require one or several acquisitions, depending upon the parameters prescribed.


DESC:
A step-by-step process used to solve a problem.  In MR, used to convert the acquired data into images.


DESC:
Location on patient's body used as a reference point to establish scan locations.


DESC:
System-supplied text which accompanies an image when it 
is displayed on-screen, describing when and how that image was acquired, with what parameters; plus text or graphics added by the user.


DESC:
1.  Anterior-posterior orientation. 
2. Array processor.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : OC
Mean : Audio  Panel  Control


DESC:
Long-term storage of information on optical disk, magnetic tape, or film.


DESC:
The process of moving images from local, on-line storage to long-term, off-line archival storage.  Also a storage location for images that have been put into archival storage.


DESC:
A fast numerical processor used for image reconstruction.


DESC:
An error in the reconstructed image that does not correspond to the patient.  Three major forms of artifacts that can occur in MR imaging and cause poor image quality: geometric distortion, inhomogeneous signal intensity, and spurious signal.


DESC:
Function that directs the system to display images automatically, as soon as reconstruction is completed.


DESC:
Method used to automatically calibrate the RF power transmitted and received in a slice.


DESC:
An archiving function that lets you store image data automatically.


DESC:
Display function that automatically assingns the values that you have set for window width and level for one image of a given pulse sequence and echo number to all other images 
in that category whenever thay are displayed.


DESC:
A system that is fully operational and available for customer use.


DESC:
In cardiac gating, the time during which data can be captured by the MR system.


DESC:
Any plane that divides the body into superior (head) and inferior (feet) aspects.  Also called the transverse plane.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system :SC  PSC	
Mean : Begin  Acquisition


DESC:
Function that allows you to queue images for automatic filming.


DESC:
A reference point or standard by which products, practices or performance may be judged.


DESC:
The average heart rate as shown by the cardiac waveform display.


DESC:
A device placed on a patient to capture breathing signals during studies employing respiratory compensation.


DESC:
In networking, the act of transmitting images from the operators' console to more than one workstation within the 
suite at one time.


DESC:
Camera control which regulates the amount of light permitted in the exposure process.   As it is increased, the density of the filmed image decreases.


DESC:
(BT) Refers to the cross -functional team organized by modality or sub-modality that is responsible for product related decisions for its business.


DESC:
Computer Assisted Repair & Engineering Service. 
The computerized service dispatch and reporting system used by GEMS-AM and GEMS-A.


DESC:
Images demonstrating different times or phases within a cardiac cycle.


DESC:
Holder for films, used in the filming with the camera.


DESC:
A procedure that lets you match the system's transmit/receive frequency with the precessional frequency 
of the protons being imaged.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : Sequence	
Mean : Chemical Saturation


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system :SC  PSC	
Mean : C-Based  Intersequence  Procedure


DESC:
Optional software that lets you generate images for dynamic 
views of such anatomy as the heart.  Employs retrospective gating techniques and gradient echo pulse sequence.


DESC:
The process of measuring the true clinical performance of a new product. Supported by design engineering and 
marketing.


DESC:
Single or multiple loops of wire (or other electrical conductor, such as tubing) designed either to produce a magnetic field from current flowing through the wire or to detect a changing magnetic field by voltage induced in the loops.


DESC:
Electronic device that accepts, processes, and presents 
information quickly and accurately.


DESC:
In filming, camera control that increases or decreases the density of the darker areas in a filmed image, relative to the density of its lighter areas.


DESC:
Ability to differentiate anatomical density differences with respect to surrounding anatomical regions.


DESC:
Horizontal plane along the longitudinal axis of the body, dividing it into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves.


DESC:
Customer Quality Assurance. The reporting tool used by service to communicate customer complaints and equipment problems to headquarters.


DESC:
The portion of the patient transport that carries the patient into the magnet.


DESC:
A feature that allows you to post images on a localizer image.


DESC:
A cardiac gating technique that permits acquisition of data through multiple R-R intervals, thereby giving the operator the maximum number of slices.


DESC:
A substance (in MR, helium and sometimes nitrogen) that produces the low temperatures necessary for the superconducting MR magnet.  In general, a cryogen is a material in liquid form that normally is a gas.


DESC:
The apparatus that maintains the low constant temperature necessary for superconducting magnet operation.  The cryostat consists of two concentric cylinmdrical containers housed in an outer vacuum-tight vessel. The magnet is in the innermost container, w

DESC2:
ich is filled with liquid helium.  The outer container may be filled with liquid nitrogen or  cooled 
by an external refrigeration system.


DESC:
An alternate pulse sequence database, used in conjuction 
with spin echo to reduce cross-talk when acquiring contiguous slices.  Made possible by RF pulses that are 
almost perfectly rectangular in shape.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SRU,	BODY  COIL	
Mean : Coil  Switch  Bais


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : BODY  COIL	
Mean : Chemical Shift Imaging


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC   PSC
Mean : Control


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : GPS   SCIF
Mean : Current  Control


DESC:
A displayed indicator that you can move by using the trackball.  The indicator takes on different shapes depending on the function being performed.  On the MR system operator console, the cursor may be a cross-hair, line, box, ellipse, or arrow. The term

DESC2:
cursor also refers to the small marker or box on the touch screen that indicates where an entry can be made.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC   DMA, EDIF
Mean : Data Acquisition & Bulk Acquisition  Memory


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC	DABAM
Mean : Data Acquisition Memory


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC	RCVR	
Mean : Double  Balanced  Mixer


DESC:
Digital Board Repair. The GEMS-AM department that is responsible for the repair of specific field returned material.


DESC:
Diagnostic Coverage Ratio. Numerical rating in percent that 
represents the FRUs which can be identified by diagnostics. In most cases it will be presented as an on site DCR and a remote DCR to show InSite effectiveness conpared to 
normal on-site effe


DESC:
Diagnostic Design Document. Used to specify and identify the design concepts for diagnostics in the product.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC    Digtal   XCVR
Mean : Digital  Direct  Synthesizer


DESC:
Patient lying on his left or right side.


DESC:
The image which is displayed when you selelect a new exam or a new series.  The default will be the first image in that exam or series.


DESC:
Value supplied by the computer or pre-entered by the operator.  This value is retained if the operator answers a prompt by pressing enter or CR alone.  The default can be 
overridden by entering a different value.


DESC:
Camera control which regulates exposure time as you film images.


DESC:
In networking, the station which an image is transferred, whether it is transmitted or retrieved.


DESC:
Large vacuum containers that store the cryogens.


DESC:
The period between the end of the T-wave and the beginning of the R-wave in the cardiac cycle.  Also called ventricular filling.


DESC:
The component on which images, patient data, and the computer software are stored.  Also called the system disk.


DESC:
Part of the software that allows you to display, manipulate, and analyze images.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : OC     EDIF,DMA
Mean : Device  Interface


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC    XCVR
Mean :Digital Transceiver board


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC DABAM, EDIF
Mean : Direct Memory Access


DESC:
Dead on Arrival. Term used to describe a part received 
in a non-working condition.


DESC:
Process in which software is moved from the storage portion
of the disk to on-line memory, where it can be used to carry 
out functions.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC  Digital   XCVR
Mean : Digital  Signal  Processor


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : GPS   Grafidy
Mean : Eddy  Current  Compensation


DESC:
TE. Echo time. The time between the center of the excitation pulse and the center of the "readout"--i.e., the moment the system is collecting signal data.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC DABAM,DIF	
Mean : Enhanced  Device  Interface


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC	Power  Amp
Mean : Envelop  Feedback


DESC:
The inverse of BPM (Beats Per Minute) measured in msec:
RR = 60,000 divided by BPM.


DESC:
The "average" repetition time, or TR, in cardiac gating. Measured as the number of RR intervals between 
successive excitations of a particular slice location--- e.g. RR, 2xRR,3xRR 4xRR.


DESC:
A typical or average value --- for example, effective TR. Since you can't control your patient's heart rate, you can't control true TR in a gated study. But you can control the effective TR somewhat by telling the system not to trigger at every beat.


DESC:
Patch containing a conductive plate used to sense electrical potential, or voltage.


DESC:
Control which disconnects power from the PDU, effectively shutting down the entire system including all system service outlets.  Note, however, that this button does not turn off the magnetic field or oxygen monitor or OC.   Found in the scan 
room and


DESC:
Control which quenches the magnet, causing it to lose its magnetic field.


DESC:
Engineering Operating Council. The collective body of Americas Engineering Section Managers.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC   PSC
Mean : End  Of  Wave


DESC:
Elapsed Time to Repair. Elapsed unscheduled down time for a single problem. Measured from the time the customer calls for service until the equipment is returned to service 
and is available for customer use.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC  XCVR 
Mean :


DESC:
A single study, including all its component series and scans.


DESC:
Prescribing a series by entering coordinates representing anatomical locations.


DESC:
An imaging enhancement that lets you use 32-bit data processing instead of the conventional 16 bits to improve 
SNR.   (Not for Vectra.)


DESC:
External auditory canal (an anatomic landmark).


DESC:
A transmit and receive coil used for imaging limbs.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : Sequence
Mean : Fast Spin Echo


DESC:
GRADIENT ECHO. Basic fast scan pulse sequence that uses pulses of 1 to 180 degrees to excite the protons of interest, and then rephases them by means of gradients rather than conventional RF pulses.


DESC:
An imaging enhancement that lets you suppress signal from either fat or water by applying a frequency-selective sturation pulse.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SRU   CBS
Mean : Forward  Bias


DESC:
Future Delivery Order.  An order received for delivery to a customer at a future date. The FDO is the system for tracking under what conditions it was sold and the desired timing.


DESC:
A substance, such as iron, that is attracted to a magnet.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC, DABAM, EDIF
Mean : Fast IN Fast OUT


DESC:
FREE INDUCTION DECAY (FID). The measurable magnetic resonance signal that occurs as the transverse magnetism (produced by the application of the 90-degree pulse) decays toward zero.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : Sequence
Mean : Flow  Compensation


DESC:
An imaging enhancement that uses the system's gradients to put flowing protons into phase with stationary protons, thereby reducing flow artifacts.   Applied in the slice and 
frequency directions.


DESC:
Field Modification Instruction.  Global document used to communicate information required for necessary field changes to GEMS equipment.


DESC:
The center of the image, which is ideally located at the magnet's isocenter.


DESC:
Field Problem Report. A complaint report involving a potential safety or regulatory issue.


DESC:
A capability that instructs the system to collect just part of the data it normally would.   Reduces susceptibility and flow artifacts.


DESC:
A capability that instructs the system to use about half or exactly three-quarters of the phase encodings acquired in conventional imaging.   Cuts scan time significantly.


DESC:
The measurable magnetic resonance signal that occurs as the transverse magnetism (produced by the application of the 90-degree pulse) decays toward zero.


DESC:
The scanning direction associated with the frequency gradient.   Usually corresponds to the image's long axis.


DESC:
First Unit to Customer. The term used to identify the 
moment in time when the first of a new product is shipped to
customers site. This occurs after the approval of J3/M3.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system :TABLE, Pre  Amp
Mean :


DESC:
A technique for imaging rapidly moving anatomy such as the 
heart.   Uses such equipment as a standard electrocardiograph to trigger data acquisition.


DESC:
A unit used in the measurement of magnetic field strength. The internationally accepted unit is the tesla (1 tesla = 10,000 Gauss).   As a comparison, the earth's magnetic
field is approximately 0.5 Gauss.


DESC:
Central electronic repository for GEMS field  problems, concerns, and suggestions. It is composed of individual databases for CQA,FPR, TIPS, Bulletin Board, and Problem/Solutions.


DESC:
Space between the eyebrows (anatomic landmark).


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC	PAC
Mean : Gradient  Noise  Canceler


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system :
Mean : Gradient  Power  Supply


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : Sequence
Mean : Gradient  Echo  Multi  Plane


DESC:
Coils designed to alter the main magnetic field so that it will be stronger in some locations than in others.   The gradient coils are used to spatially encode slice information.


DESC:
Basic fast scan pulse sequence that uses pulses of 1 to 180 degrees to excite the protons of interest, and then rephases them by means of gradients rather than conventional RF pulses.


DESC:
Prescription of an image by placing a cursor on a localizer image to "draw" slice locations.


DESC:
Strip of boxes appearing to the left of a displayed image, each showing a shade of gray along the scale from white to black.   Enables you to assess the degree of differentition 
you have achieved with the current window and level.


DESC:
Global Service Modality Team.  A cross pole team from within a modality that develops service strategy and processes to support the global service vision.


DESC:
Key on the operators' console which must be pressed to invoke one of the system's functions; as differentiated from soft key.


DESC:
The physical parts of the MR system (circuit boards and their components as well as nuts, bolts, motors, etc.).


DESC:
Hourly Billed Service. Providing service to installed base, out of warranty, customers on a per hour charge basis.


DESC:
Used in its liquid form (sometimes with nitrogen) to keep the MR magnet in its super-cooled operating state.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : Sequence 
Mean : Half  Echo


DESC:
An image analysis function that lets you create a bar graph representation of given numerical values in an image.


DESC:
Uniformity.   Homogeneity of the static magnetic field is an important quality of the magnet.


DESC:
Installed Base Out of Warranty. This term refers to the installed base of equipment that is out of the warranty period and represents the potential market for service contracts.


DESC:
Control on the operators' console used to blink the number or numbers surrounding the set level.


DESC:
An image analysis function that lets you highlight all contiguous pixels which fall within a user-defined range of pixel values.


DESC:
A filtering process that modifies signal intensity to reduce the
excessive brightness caused by proximity to a receiver coil. Especially helpful for surface coil studies.


DESC:
An image analysis function that lets you highlight all pixels within a range and area that you define.


DESC:
A display function that lets you eliminate unwanted information from an image.


DESC:
The screen (CRT, or cathode ray tube) used to display the image. Also referred to as the image processor or IP.


DESC:
A display function that lets you reposition all or part of an image within its viewport.


DESC:
The advanced service process that connects customer equipment to an InSite service center for remote diagnosis and assistance.


DESC:
Additional console on which all non-scan functions may be performed; usually located some distance from the operators' console.


DESC:
Lack of uniformity in the static magnetic field.


DESC:
The process of collecting data from every other slice during the first acquisition, and then going back to acquire the rest. Minimizes cross-talk artifacts but doubles scan time for a
single acquisition series.


DESC:
In networking, a 12-digit series of numbers, registered with an international clearing house, which distinguishes your workstation from any other in the world, and enables any other compatible, networked system to communicate with you.


DESC:
Times between succesive RF pulses used in pulse sequences.   Particularly important in inversion recovery are the inversion time (TI) and the recovery time (TR). The time between a 90-degree pulse and subsequent 180-degree pulses to produce a spin echo w

DESC2:
ll be approximately one-half the spin echo time (TE).


DESC:
The time between each image in the cardiac cycle.


DESC:
A display function that lets you reverse the black and white 
elements in a displayed image.


DESC:
TI. The time between the center of the first (180-degree) inverting pulse and the beginning of the second (90-degree) refocusing pulse in an IR pulse sequence.


DESC:
Image processor. The electronic subsystem that produces a video signal from the digital image data.   (See image screen.)


DESC:
Inversion Recovery. A pulse sequence that inverts the magnetization and then measures the recovery rate as the nuclei return to equilibrium. This rate of recovery depends on TI.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : Sequence
Mean : Inversion  Recovery  Multi  Plane


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC  PSC
Mean : Instruction  Start  Address


DESC:
The point at which the three gradient planes cross.   In the 
magnet, the point at which the field is exactly 0.5T or 1.5T.


DESC:
The time immediately after the R-wave when the heart prepares for contraction but does not change in volume.


DESC:
Part of patient anatomy used as an anatomic reference for locating scans.


DESC:
Standard ECG term which defines the voltage between two points on the body.


DESC:
The wire connected from the electrode on the patient to the PAC box located at the base of the magnet.


DESC:
Console control used to set the numerical value of the mid-portion of the gray scale.   The actual numerical values associated with the white and black intensities are defined by the level control.


DESC:
An image analysis function that lets you deposit a line, convert it to a parallelogram; and then calculate the intensity of all pixels within the area of that parallelogram.


DESC:
Series of soft keys on the main menu, and on several submenus. Touching the appropriate key enables you to 
display a list of all exams on disk, all series in the current exam, or all images in the current series.


DESC:
An orthogonal or oblique image used to determine start and end location coordinates for a new prescription.


DESC:
A US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHS) procedure to ensure the safety of customers and 
service personnel when working on electrical equipment.


DESC:
Receptacle for up to 100 sheets of film, to be used in the automatic filming mode. The send magazine (SM) places each sheet into the exposure position for filming; the receive magazine (RM) receives the exposed film upon completion.


DESC:
The region surrounding a magnet which produces a 
magnetizing force on a body within it.


DESC:
Emergency situation in which someone is pinned to the magnet by a ferrous object, requiring the quenching of the magnetic field.


DESC:
Absorption or emission of electromagnetic energy by nuclei in a static magnetic field after excitation by a suitable RF pulse.


DESC:
Creation of images using the magnetic resonance phenomenon.   The current application involves imaging the distribution of hydrogen nuclei (protons) in the body.  The image brightness in a given region usually depends jointly on the spin density and thee

DESC2:
laxation times. Image brightness is also affected by motion such as blood flow.


DESC:
Electromagnetic signal (in the radio frequency range) produced by the precession of the transverse magnetiziation of the spins. The rotation of the transverse magnetization induces a voltage in the coil. This voltage is amplified by 
the receiver.


DESC:
Optional hardware used to read and write to reel tapes.


DESC:
An array of numbers, usually arranged in rows and columns. Acquisition matrix refers to the number of views used to acquire data; reconstruction matrix, to the number of pixels used to reconstruct the image.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC   PSC,TYME
Mean :  Multi  Drop  Serial


DESC:
A list of touch screen entries from which you can make selections.


DESC:
MULTIFORMAT CAMERA (MFC). A camera used to record images on single emulsion film.   It is designed to operate in either auto or manual mode.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC
Mean :  Multi  Function  Peripheral


DESC:
Imaginary line that separates the body into two equal parts (anterior and posterior).


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC
Mean : Micro  Processing  Unit


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC    PSC
Mean : Micro Processing Interface


DESC:
A pulse sequences that represents a combination of gradient echo and spin echo sequences.   Acquires data 
sequentially rather than slice-by-slice.


DESC:
Multi-slice, multi-phase cardiac gating pulse sequence that produces images at multiple heart locations and several different cardiac phases at each location.


DESC:
Multi-slice, single-phase cardiac gating pulse sequence that 
produces images at multiple heart locations, each at a different phase of the cardiac cycle.


DESC:
Mean Time Between Failures. Average elapsed time between fully operational and unscheduled down times.


DESC:
The average time to locate the source of a specific failure to the FRU.


DESC:
Mean Time to Repair. The average time to diagnose and repair a specific failure on a system or subsystem.


DESC:
A filming option which allows up to 6 users to access one camera at the same time.


DESC:
A display function that allows you to view, manipulate, analyze, and/or film two or more images displayed in the 
space otherwise allotted to a single image.


DESC:
A camera used to record images on single emulsion film. It is designed to operate in either auto or manual mode.


DESC:
The acquisition of multiple slices of patient data through a single scan prescription.


DESC:
Multi User Service Tool. The computerized service dispatch and reporting system currently used in GEMS-E.


DESC:
All objects have a certain natural frequency at which they vibrate. For example, when a G string of a tuned guitar is plucked, it will always vibrate at the same rate. This rate of vibration or frequency is referred to as the natural frequency.


DESC:
A collection of imaging suites, each consisting of two or more workstations.   It may include both OCs and ICs, CDCs, on-site or remote, all linked by cable or modem.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : Sequence
Mean : Number  Of  Excitation


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : Sequence
Mean : No  Frequency  Wrap


DESC:
Used in liquid form along with helium to keep the MR magnet in its supercooled operating state.  (Nitrogen is used only in some configurations.)


DESC:
A MR imaging option designed to minimize wraparound artifacts in the phase direction.   Accessible via soft key on the imaging parameters screen.


DESC:
A display function that lets you page backward or forward through all images in a series or exam when you have a multiple image display on the screen, changing only one image at a time.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : Sequence
Mean : No  Phase  Wrap


DESC:
(National Support Center) The centralized support center that is responsible for providing technical support to the field engineers in GEMS-AM.


DESC:
The number of times a pulse sequence will be excited in a given acquisition.


DESC:
Acquisition method that allows you to obtain images in a variety of different planes. This can produce an image 
taken in a tilted or rotated plane through a localizer image.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : 
Mean : Operator Console


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : OC
Mean : Operator  Console  Panel


DESC:
A field-of-view that is not centered at isocenter.


DESC:
To prescribe or display images whose center is not at isocenter.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC   PSC
Mean : Oblique  Plane  Imaging


DESC:
The time during the day that the customer requires the equipment to be available.


DESC:
The console used for performing scans and displaying images.


DESC:
5-1/4" write-once-read-many hard disk for archiving of images.


DESC:
Planes that are perpendicular to one another -- for example, axial, sagittal and coronal planes.


DESC:
Order To Remittance. The period of time from when a customer order is received until GE receives payment for the equipment.


DESC:
A device that monitors the level of oxygen in the scan room. The oxygen monitor sounds an alarm if the oxygen content of the air drops below a specified safe level.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : PAC, PPSA
Mean : Peripheral Gate


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC
Mean : Power  Amp


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SRU	TYME
Mean : Physiological  Aqcuisition  Controller


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : COIL
Mean : Phased  Array  Coil


DESC:
Display function in which up to four images may be paged simultaneously on screen, at user-selectable speeds, 
simulating motion in one location over time (temporal mode) or moving through anatomy (spatial mode).


DESC:
A display function that lets you move your viewport around within an image, in the process magnifying the section you are examining.


DESC:
Values of all scanning variables such as pulse sequence, start and end locations, X, Y, and Z coordinates, mag factor and imaging enhancements.


DESC:
Occurs when a piece of anatomy fills only a portion of a voxel.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : Sequence	
Mean : Phase  Contrast


DESC:
Product Change Notice. The internal GEMS-AM engineering documentation that describes a change to a product. PCN's are used to effect forward production, products in stock, and may initiate an FMI for field installed systems.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : OC
Mean : Plasma  Display  Controller


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : Sequence	
Mean : Projection Dephasing Gradient


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : OC
Mean : Plasma  Display  Panel


DESC:
POWER DISTRIBUTION UNIT (PDU). Equipment that supplies electrical power to the entire MR system.


DESC:
A gating technique useful in studies of the central nervous system, particularly in the head and cervical spine. Peripheral gating minimizes the artifacts caused by pulsatile 
cerebrospinal fluid flow. It gates from the mechanical action of blood pulsin


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC	RCVR
Mean : Programable  Gain  Amp.


DESC:
An object of known dimensions and properties used to test MR imaging performance characteristics.


DESC:
A distinguishable period of time within a cardiac cycle-- systole, for example. Also the scanning direction associated with the phase gradient, usually corresponding to the image's short axis. Also the position of a spinning proton.


DESC:
The device that collects triggering information from a bellows, ECG lead or peripheral sensor and sends it on to the system to trigger acquisitions.


DESC:
Picture element. The pixel projects the voxel, or volume element, on the display plane.


DESC:
CRT screen to the left of the image screen on the operators' console, on which you may direct the system by touching soft keys displayed on a series of menus. Also called "touch 
screen."


DESC:
Preventive Maintenance. Service performed on equipment at specified time or use intervals. Primarily to check wearable parts and adjustments that may change over time.


DESC:
An imaging option that lets you acquire up to twice the maximum allowable number of slices in a given TR, with no increase in scan time.


DESC:
Equipment that supplies electrical power to the entire MR system.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : Sequence
Mean : Phase  Offset  Multi  Plane


DESC:
Lights that allow you to define a landmark on a patient.


DESC:
Product Program Proposal. The document defining the business objectives, customer needs, service requirements, features and performance for a new product. Also contains a business case analysis for the new product.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : Sequence
Mean : Pre-Saturation


DESC:
Cross-functional team which will play the key role in decision making and leadership for the new product program.


DESC:
The legal right of GEMS to have exclusive ownership of a process, product, or information. Typically used in reference to documentation or software where the nature of the 
proprietary claim is divided into the following classes: Class A, Class B, Class


DESC:
Condition where the static magnetic field of a superconducting magnet is removed and liquid helium boils off. A very loud but brief sound results when the cryogens boil off. Once quenched, the magnet can take a significant 
amount of time and material t


DESC:
British term for waiting in line. In archive or batch filming, a queue is a list of images selected (and waiting) for processing.


DESC:
Frequency (intermediate between audio and infrared frequencies) used in magnetic resonance systems to excite nuclei to resonance.


DESC:
Scan data before reconstruction, which may contain information of value to service engineers in determining the cause of certain scanning problems.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SRU	CBS
Mean : Reverse  Bias


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC	XCVR
Mean : Reciever


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : Sequence	PAC,PPSA
Mean : Respiratory  Compensation


DESC:
Elapsed time between customer's report of a problem and the beginning of the Field Engineers or INSITE Engineers intervention.


DESC:
In networking, the act of retrieving images from another workstation.


DESC:
Process of creating a displayable image from scan (raw) data.


DESC:
The time it takes from the start of reconstruction to the end of reconstruction.


DESC:
An imaging enhancement that lets you achieve 256x256 or 512x512 resolution in the time it normally takes to achieve 256x128 or 512x256 resolution, respectively.


DESC:
A function that lets you use existing image data to create and display new imaages in other planes.


DESC:
An image from any valid series in an exam whose images you are manipulating. Displayed at the touch of a soft key to provide an anatomical frame of reference.


DESC:
Time required for 63% of the nuclei to revert to their original state in the magnetic field after the RF pulse is turned off.


DESC:
An archive program function that lets you delete images to free up system disk space.


DESC:
TR. Repetition time. The time between successive excitations of 
a slice i.e., the time from the beginning of one pulse sequence to the beginning of the next. In conventional imaging, it is a fixed value equal to the time available for spin relaxation.

DESC2:
n cardiac gating, it varies from beat to beat by a few milliseconds or more, depending upon the patient's heart rate.


DESC:
An image analysis function that lets you create a chart of pixel values within any 10 pixel by 10 pixel region.


DESC:
An energy transition that results when an object is subjected to a frequency the same as its own. In MR, resonance is induced by applying an RF pulse at the same frequency as the nuclei are precessing. The RF pulse causes a transition of those nuclei fro

DESC2:
m the low energy state to the high energy state.


DESC:
An imaging enhancement designed to minimize ghosting caused by respiratory motion.


DESC:
An archive function that restores patient images and information from optical disk or reel tape to the system disk.


DESC:
RADIO FREQUENCY (RF). Frequency (intermediate between audio and infrared frequencies) used in magnetic resonance systems to excite nuclei to resonance.


DESC:
The hardware responsible for exciting the tissue of interest with radio frequency pulses.


DESC:
A device that establishes RF power limits based on patient's weight and monitors the RF power being transmitted.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : TABLE, Pre AMP
Mean :


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC, PSG, XCVR
Mean :


DESC:
Region of interest; operator-defined area to be statistically analyzed.


DESC:
A plane dividing the right side of the body from the left.


DESC:
Specific absorption rate: the amount of RF energy a patient is permitted to absorb at a given time.


DESC:
Short for presaturation. An imaging enhancement designed to minimize artifacts created by fast-flowing blood.


DESC:
An archive program function that transfers images from the system disk to the optical disk or optional reel tape. This function does not erase information from the disk, but makes 
a copy of the data instead.


DESC:
The act of collecting image data. A plane of the body scanned to produce MR images.


DESC:
A digitized signal; i.e., raw data as it exists before reconstruction.


DESC:
Scan field of view. This is the data collection area for the anatomy being scanned.


DESC:
Patient data collection portion of the operating software.


DESC:
A display functon that lets you save an image you have altered for later recall.


DESC:
The movement of a solid bar from top to bottom of the plasma screens, removing any oxide buildup, and thus 
extending the life of the screens. Also a way of moving the image across the IP via the [image scroll] soft key.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : 
Mean : Scan  Controller


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC
Mean : Serial  Communication  Interface


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : GPS 	TYME,CURC
Mean : SC  Interface


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : MOD
Mean : Small Computer System Interface


DESC:
Time during which a system is not available due to a GE initiated intervention such as planned maintenance or FMI.


DESC:
An Inversion Recovery sequence in which the system applies the 180/90/180/-degree pulses a slice at a time. With the alternatve, non-sequential, the system applies the 
initial 180-degree pulse to all slices, then returns to each slice to complete the s


DESC:
Specific type of images within a study; a subset of an exam.


DESC:
A display function that lets you page through all images in the exam, rather that just those in the series you have 
on-screen.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC	PSC
Mean : Setup  Filter


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system :GPS	G-Coil
Mean : Shielded  Gradient  Coil


DESC:
Coils used to compensate for inhomogeneities (imperfections) in the main magnetic field. Inhomogeneities can be caused by imperfections in the magnet or by the 
effects of ferromagnetic objects in the surrounding environment.


DESC:
Correction of inhomogeneity in the main magnetic field.


DESC:
The act of bringing the MR software down in an orderly fashion, closing its files, and storing them off-line.


DESC:
The ratio of signal amplitude to noise -- i.e., the amplitude of signal emitted by the patient's protons, divided by the amount of patient noise and electronic noise inherent in any 
electronic instrument. Also called SNR or S/N.


DESC:
The scanning direction associated with the slice-select gradient. Usually corresponds to the direction of the 
scanning range.


DESC:
A test pattern named after the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers; used in the camera quality assurance procedure.


DESC:
Rectangle displayed on the plasma screen. By touching it, you tell the system what you want it to do next in the course of carrying out a function.


DESC:
The computer language program that is stored magnetically on the disk. Software is a changeable person/ computer interface that gives intelligence" to the computer.


DESC:
In networking, the initial location of the data.


DESC:
Paging mode used to view images taken at different locations throughout the body.


DESC:
That distance between two points at which the points can be distinguished as separate and distinct. Defines small objects in an image and therefore, its clarity.


DESC:
A gradient echo pulse sequence designed for acquiring T1-
weighted images in 2D or 3D mode.


DESC:
A combination of Sigma capabilities yielding T1-weighted dynamic views of such ana tomy as the liver, brain or heart.


DESC:
A magnetic resonance imaging technique in which the spin-echo magnetic resonance signal, rather than the free induction decay (FID), is used. This produces images that 
may depend strongly on T2. On the Signa system, spin echo pulse sequences are also c

DESC2:
alled symmetrical spin echo (MEMP) and asymmetrical spin echo (VEMP).  MEMP employs a 90-deg. pulse, then min. one 180-deg. pulse. VEMP follows the 90-degree
pulse with two 180-degree pulses spaced at variable intervals (TE1, TE2).


DESC:
The characteristic time constant for the magnetization to return to the longitudinal axis after being excited by an RF pulse. Also called spin lattice or longitudinal relaxation time.


DESC:
The characteristic time constant for loss of phase coherence among spins (due to the interaction between the spins) and the resulting loss in transverse magnetization MR signal. Also called spin-spin or transverse relaxation time.


DESC:
The characteristic time constant for loss of transverse magnetization and MR signal due to local field inhomogeneities.


DESC:
Echo time. The time between the center of the excitation pulse and the center of the "readout"--i.e., the moment the system is collecting signal data.


DESC:
The time from the middle of the first excitation pulse to the middle of the first readout in an asymmetrical spin echo.


DESC:
The time between the middle of the first excitation pulse and the middle of the second readout in an symmetrical spin echo pulse sequence.


DESC:
A paging node for viewing images acquired at different times in a gated cycle.


DESC:
The shortest time that can be used to distinguish events in, for example, the cardiac cycle.


DESC:
The internationally accepted unit of magnetic field measurement. One tesla is equal to 10,000 Gauss.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC PSG,XCVR	
Mean :


DESC:
The time between the center of the first (180-degree) inverting pulse and the beginning of the second (90-degree) refocusing pulse in an IR pulse sequence.


DESC:
A term used to describe a function you select once to turn on and select again to turn off.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : Sequence
Mean : Time  Of  Flight


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : OC
Mean : Touch Panel Power Supply


DESC:
Repetition time. The time between successive excitations of a slice i.e., the time from the beginning of one pulse sequence to the beginning of the next. In conventional imaging, it is a fixed value equal to the time available for spin relaxation. In car

DESC2:
diac gating, it varies from beat to beat by a few milliseconds or more, depending upon the patient's heart rate.


DESC:
A rotating ball used to control cursor movement and size as well as image paging.


DESC:
In networking, the act of moving (transmitting or receiving) image data from one station to another on a network.


DESC:
Pending storage or retrieval requests for a network.


DESC:
In networking, the act of sending images from your system disk to that of another station.


DESC:
In cardiac gating, signal sent by the cardiac monitor to activate data acquisition.


DESC:
n cardiac gating, a period during which no further data can be acquired. During this period, hte system waits for the next R-wave trigger, which initiates a new sequence of data acquisition.


DESC:
Part of the patient transport that pulls the cradle in and out of the magnet enclosure.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC	PSC
Mean : Tardis by YMS and Milwaukee Engineering


DESC:
Time during which a system is not available, as perceived by the customer, due to its failure to operate and any associated repair time.


DESC:
Part of the MR system software that allows you to perform shutdown or system diagnostic procedures.


DESC:
An imaging option that lets you narrow the system's receiver 
bandwidth to increase SNR. With 1.5T systems, increases NR on long echoes in spin echo and IR studies. With 0.5T systems, used to do so on all echoes with any pulse sequence.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : Sequence
Mean : Valiable  Bandwith


DESC:
Variable Echo Multi Plane
See spin echo for details.


DESC:
The display area allocated to a single image, whether in a single image display (SID) or a multiple image display (MID).


DESC:
Three-dimensional area of a scan represented in two dimensions by a pixel.


DESC:
Window/Level. See window width, and window level.


DESC:
Adjustment, made with the center knob on the operators' console, which is marginally similar to the brightness 
adjustor on a TV set.


DESC:
The window width is defined as twice the number of intensities above and below the currently set level. The 
window is adjusted by the window width control on the operator console.


DESC:
Product : Vectra
Sub-system : SC	PA,PSG
Mean : Transceiver


DESC:
Locations of a point on a two-dimensional grid. The image center is at (0,0).


DESC:
The most inferior point of the sternum (an anatomic landmark).


DESC:
The point at which the frontal bone and nasal bones meet, between the eyes (anatomic landkark).


DESC:
One image displayed on the screen at a time.


DESC:
1.  The magnetic fields that are added to, or subtracted from, the main field to make it stronger in some locations than others. 
2. Waveforms, generated by the pulse control module, which instruct the gradient amplifiers and coils 
inside the magnet h

DESC2:
ow much to modify the static magnetic field by adding or subtracting field strength.


DESC:
A gradient echo pulse sequence that permits the acquisition of high resolution, thin slice images.


